~GANDHI~

B1. Why did Gandhi go to live in South Africa? He worked as a lawyer and was sent to South Africa to work for an Indian company.

B2. What did he think about the treatment of Indian people there? What did he do as a result of his experiences? He was discriminated by the South African people, when he was expelled from a train of first class just because they didn't want an Indian passenger there. He started thinking about the human rights, so he spent twenty years defending the Indian rights in that zone.

B3. According to Gandhi, what is the most effective form of protest? He thought it was the non-violent protest, because then he could achieve the political change avoiding war, even if they were beaten or imprisoned, they should never show anger and try to fight.

B4. What does Mahatma mean? It means "Great Soul", and he was named like that after he fought for human rights and independance.

B5. Why did Gandhi think that Indians shouldn't fight for Britain in WWII? He thought that they shouldn't fight in favour of Britain in other countries if they didn't have freedom at their own, and they wanted their independance.

B6. Why was Gandhi assassinated? He was assassinated because he didn't want India to become two different countries. But when the division took place, he worked hard for the peace between both India and Pakistan. In 1948 a Hindu nationalist shot and killed him because he thought that he was doing too much for the muslims and he prefered them to Indian people.

B7. Gandhi once said that ''An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind''. What do you think that he meant by that? How did it influence his method of protest? It means that if people keep on fighting against each other, they will end up being punished or harmed with severity, and Gandhi thought that the idea of "justice" should be replaced by forgiveness and peace, which he promoted in his protests.

THE SALT MARCH

B8. Why did Gandhi go on the Salt March? He went to the Salt March to protest against the British tax collecting for the salt making that didn't allow Indian people to produce or collect it.

B9. How did the Salt March inspire other indians? This march inspired other indians because Gandhi collected salt as a symbolic act of defeating the British laws. It inspired Indians to make strikes and boycotts against colonial institutions. Their protest had demonstrated the power of mass resistance against the British rules before they were arrested.

B10. What was satyagraha? It means "truth" and "insistence", but for Gandhi it was more than passive resistance. His peaceful protests became his strength, and he said that he chose the word Satyagraha because truth means love and insistence means force, so that word meant that it was a force born from truth and love: the same as non-violence meant to him.

B11. What happened at the Dharasana Salt works? How did this affect international opinion about British rule in India? Dharasana Salt was a protest against the salt tax imposed by the British in 1930. After the Salt March finished, Gandhi joined a non-violent incursion of the Dharasana Salt Works in Gujarat as a protest against the rule of the British Raj. Indian soldiers under british command beat lots of satyagrahis in this protest. The world became attracted by the Indian independence movemen, and it led to question the British government in India.

B12. What happened to Gandhi as a result of the Salt March? After the Salt Marh, thousands of people were sent to prison because they joined it and didn't resist the violent arrests of the police becaused of what Gandhi said. He was also arrested and spent nine months there, but at the end, the viceroy recognized his impotence to impose the British law without violence, so he freed all the prisoners and Indians were finally recognized the right to collect the salt they deserved.

~NUREMBERG TRIALS~

A1. When and why were they held? After the Holocaust, some criminals were brought to trials. Nuremberg was chosen as the place for those trials that took place in 1945 A2. Where did the judges come from? The judges were from the Allied powers (Great Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States and France), and they heard the arguments of some Nazi criminals. A3. What crimes were the defendants tried for? They were tried for crimes against peace, such as relating to an assault war or an infringement of international agreements that led to the war. Also to crimes of war such as breaking the laws with murder, wrong treatment or forced work with war prisoners and destruction of the cities. To crimes against humanity as the slavery, the deportation and other inhuman actions against population before or during the war. And also for crime conspiration.
A4.  Why were many of the most senior Nazis never tried?  Because although some defendants claimed they were following the orders of their bosses, lots of senior Nazi commited suicide knowing they were going to be sent to prison or they couldn't overcome their crimes, while other ones just escaped.
A5. Who's Simon Wiesenthal? What happened to him during WWII? He was born in Austry-Hungary. While his wife escaped from going to a concentration camp, he became a war prisoner at the Mauthausen-Busen because he was Jewish, but at the end he could survive thanks to the American soldiers who freed people from the camps.

A6. What did he do after the war? Why? After the war, he spent his life finding Nazi criminals and identifying the ones who escaped from the judgements, so he was a researcher and helped the Allied powers to find them to make the German people pay for what they had done.

CLASS ABOUT THE BERLIN WALL!

Today, we had a lesson about The Berlin Wall by Cristina, a German language assistant. She explained us all the things that happened by that time:

As people from West Berlin went to East Berlin to buy for cheaper, East Berliners escaped to West Berlin where they had innovations and information about the modern world.

The URSS couldn't accept that, so they did the Berlin Blockade, in which incommunication was the main weapon to stop that situation. But as products couldn't reach both parts, the situation became worse.

Then, they ordered to build a wall all along Berlin, with control points all over it so that anybody could cross it and become capitalist. That was a complete fail, because families were divided if someone was travelling or had not any way to come back, and East Berlin was way poorer than West Berlin. This was a time of suffering and hate between powers, but sadness for the innocent Berliners.

~THE SPEECH OF KENNEDY~

The 26th June 1963, John F. Kenedy gave this famous speech in Western Berlin. In this speech, Kennedy talked about the Berlin Wall, defending the people's rights and explaining that who thought communism was good, had to go to Berlin and see what had been done in name of the communism. Above all, he defended the Berlin people, saying we are all Berliners and we won't have peace until Berlin has it. This speech was for the 15th anniversary of the Berlin Blockade by the Soviet Union, to stop people from going to the capitalist part. In his words, many Berliners found support and help they needed, which was really kind of him and gave them hope: an essential feeling in that situation